Two Gentlemen of Verona Essay Example for Free

twain Gentle workforce of Verona EssayWilliam Shakespe are is an interesting character that just happened to be cardinal of the best repair writes of non only his time, and even today. He was born in the year 1564 and died in 1616. Though there are not many records of his personal action, from what there is, he lived a sort of scandalize life. Moving to London and leaving his wife, Anne Hathaway, behind to write plays, act, and, it is said, have affairs with men and women. He is often called Englands national poet and the Bard of Avon. nigh people say that his earlier works were not so well written as his later plays, but he wrote about 38 plays in total and is said to have changed not only theater by his influences in other authors, but the English language as well. Though he wrote many good plays, one of his earlier plays, Two Gentlemen of Verona will be discussed in greater detail in this essay. Shakespeare, did many things for the first time in theater and his plays th at no other other had done before him. One of his most obvious achievements include language.It is said that he had created about over 1700 of our earthy words by changing nouns into verbs, changing verbs into adjectives, connecting words never before used together, adding prefixes and suffixes, and making up words that are completely original. Language is a big part of theater. In many plays, as well as life, people play with worlds and sentence structures to portray many unlike types of emotions. In Two Gentlemen of Verona, many scenes were funnier because of the wordplay they used. For example, in Act III scene i.Speed, the consideration of the main character Valentine, had asked Launce, the servant of Proteus, How now Signior Launce, what news with your maitre dhotelship? Launce replied with, With my mastership? Why, it is at sea. Like many other parts in the book, this dialogue shows Shakespeare creativeness and wordplay. When Valentine asks about the mastership what he re ally is talking about is Proteus because he is Launces master. Proteus is set out to see because he left Verona, but it is also referring to the ship that Speed was joking about.Many other examples of this are in all of William Shakespeares plays because it is in old English, it can sometimes be seen when acted easier than just read. In addition, all plays must have a character that has versed conflicts Shakespeare reckon out how to make soliloquies explore a characters inner motivations and conflict. Up until Shakespeare, soliloquies were often used by playwrights to introduce (characters), convey information, provide an exposition or damp plans. This can probably be more more apparent in plays such(prenominal) as Hamlet, hi the big, and famous To be, or not to be soliloquy.Though, in Act I scene ii Julia, Proteus first love, has a soliloquy where shes does just that. It occurs right after she receives a love letter from her servant that Proteus had sent with his servant, Speed. Right before her soliloquy she had tared up the letter into pieces and kicked her servant out of the room. The first disceptation in her soliloquy, Oh hateful hands, to tear such loving words demonstrates how Shakespeares characters can show their inner motivations deep down their soliloquies. Though she had destroyed the letter, and acted as though she was annoyed by it and by her servant, her true motives, and inner feelings are revealed.Another influence William Shakespeare had in the culture of theater is the way that Shakespeare mixed tragedy and comedy together to create a new quixotic tragedy genre. Before Shakespeare, romance had not been considered a worthy topic for tragedy. While this can be more easily seen in a play like Romeo and Juliet. Two Gentlemen of Verona is also a comedy that involves some romanticism and tragic events. For example, Proteus, character almost like Romeo, in Romeo and Juliet, is young and falls in love too easily.Like Romeo, Proteus falls in and out of love by the beauty of a woman versus her intellect, or thoughts. Though it is a comedy, some traumatic events occur towards the end cause by love and the breakal. Proteus falls out of love with Julia, and in love with Sylvia. The flip to this chronicle is that Sylvia was mantic to get married to Valentine, which is Proteus best friend. Proteus betrays Valentine and gets him kicked out of the city. He then attempts to rape Sylvia because she refused to give in to someone that will betray their own best friend by in such a way.The play, Two Gentlemen of Verona, has a shocking ending that seems like it could have many different meanings. The scene begins with Valentine sitting alone in a bush where he pecks that Proteus, Sylvia, and Julia (disguised as Sebastian) enter the forest scene. Proteus tells Sylvia that she should be thankful that he had save her from the outlaws, but Sylvias love for Valentine and hatred for Proteus to betray his friend is too strong. When Pro teus is about to rape Julia, Valentine jumps out and stops him.In the end, Julia reveals who she is and the Thurio, the man who was supposed to marry Sylvia from the beginning, enters the scene saying that he will not marry Sylvia because he never really loved her. When Proteus decides he does loves Julia after all, the Duke, Sylvias father, says twain men will get married on the same day to both women. This scene proves Federico Garcia Lorcas view that the theater is a school of nuisance and laughter, a free tribunal where we can interview norms that are outmoded or mistaken and explain with living examples the unfading norms of the human heart.The whole play involves pain and laughter, in this comedy, we as the audience laugh at Proteus thinking that he loves any girl that is beautiful. Though we laugh at it, there are other mixtures of pain and laughter. It is comical that Valentine, such a noble man, is hiding in the bushes waiting for his best friend to do something bad to his girlfriend Julia is svelte as a man and no one can see it, but at the same time she is in pain because the love of her life is about to rape someone else and there is more pain and laughter irony in this one scene.It is definitely a tribunal where we can question norms that are outmoded because the Duke comes into the scene unexpectedly and lets the two men get married without asking the women. This is an outmoded norm that men are superior to women, and men do not need to ask the women permission or what they would like. What if Julia no longer wanted to marry Proteus after all she saw? What if Sylvia did not want to get married on the same day of the man who tried to rape her.The norms can also be mistaken because there is a line where Valentine forgives Proteus for almost raping his lover and he concludes by saying, All that was mine in Sylvia I give thee (Act V, Scene iiii). This line, among many others, is up to interpretation. The line could mean that Valentine decided to give away Sylvia to Valentine in the end, or it could mean something completely different and the audience could be mistaking Shakespeares meaning of what is said.The finale, everyone getting married, shows the eternal norms of the human heart, even in Shakespeares time a happy ending is seems more complete. The audience in that time, and today would rather hear that everything resolved in the end for these characters. Although some people may argue that Shakespeares plays were not so well writen in the beginning of his career, there can be much said about his earlier plays like The Two Gentlemen of Verona.It is also clear that Shakespeare has changed and influenced theater greatly. He had changed various things like the English language, characters development within soliloquies, and even created new genres. There can be so much to be said about all his novels, in one scene, like the one above there can be much to debate, laugh, and feel pain about. In this on scene proved Federic o Garcia Lorcas quote about theater to be true. If analyzing another scene, the same could be said.

A City On Civilizations

A City On CivilizationsThe purpose of this integration paper is to determine the impact of a metropolis on civilizations. Cities have also been a changing factor during the course of meter, and have improved the behavior we live today. When we compare the different types of cities, we can whence determine the similarities and discriminations in various dimensions and eras.Why are cities an essential take apart of civilization? Has urban life been the same in different civilizations over time? Why or why not? What accounts for the similarities and differences in various places and eras? To write a successful essay on these questions, you need to integrate material from from each one of the following chapters in our textbook Chapters 3, 6, and 11.http//www.ancientcivilizations.co.uk/home_set.htmlCities assumed the control and integration functions of the new political, economic, religious, and social systems. All cultural forms eventually became hierarchically organized. Class a nd caste societies ground on political and religious status became the norm, replacing the older ranked societies of farming villages. Urbanization changed the way military mans lived by going from a ego sufficient village, to having jobs and becoming more industrialized.People started to leave villages and farms to live in cities.A cause of this might have been the younger generation not having as much survive to start agriculture on their own, so they would rather obtain jobs in a more urbanized culture to gain the experience and then hopefully be able to maintain their own farm.The negative impacts that would arise from urbanization are increased costs over what the local work class receives in wages.Laws were developed on how farms should be maintained, which in some instances would bankrupt farmers, because of high maintenance costs to abide by regulations.This would cause pile to have no choice but to end up as workers to support their household, meaning they might be re quired to move closer to the city to be near jobs, which would also add to the higher living expenses related to urbanization.When we think of urbanization, we can also relate it to archaeological traces of classical Athens and Rome, which did soften some differences surrounded by what constitutes a city-state and an gallant capital city. Reilly explains, big choices such as laws, decisions of war and peace, determination of how much money to collect and what to spend it on were determined by the mass assembly, which consisted of all citizens. The town council was the one who prepared most of the issues, but the final judge was the assembly. This seems to be the origin of politics, and development of a democratic society.Rome on the other hand was the inverse it was considered a show place for power, according to Reilly. The classicals were more focused on attention to the quality of harbors and the fertility of the soil and occupied themselves with beauty and fortification, w hile the romishs concentrated on providing their cities with adequate water, streets, and sewers. Most of these amenities were mainly for the rich though everyone else had to figure break through their own means of obtaining water, and utilizing sewage, which was mainly just tossing it out the window.Artwork and sketchs also plays a role in the identity of a city, for example, pictures from classical Athens consisted of sculptors that were produced from archetype views, whereas the goal of Roman artifacts and pictures was to produce realistic portraits for decoration and symbolisms of power.I found the pictures in the text book and the photos of ancient Athens in the lectures very telling. The picture of Rome (Reilly p.142-143) shows a congested city and magnificent buildings. Many of the buildings were built for entertainment purposes and could hold most of the people of Rome. The buildings and entertainment were enough to blind you from the seedy built and cramped housing. Th e photos in the lecture of ancient Athens and the Agora (www.stoa.org/athens) showed the richness placed on having a gathering place for all of societys functions. get and selling commodities, and discussing politics, business and current events.The enduring architecture, engineering, and writings from the classical period of both civilizations work to reveal drastic differences in the political, social, and economic aspects of life between the cultures. One is provided with insight into how the different peoples viewed different matters in varying respects.The enduring architecture of the great city-state of Athens is the primary election indication of the participatory nature of the Greek city-state itself. The remains of the acropolis, the agora, and the amphitheater are signs of a culture whose goal was the enrichment of human life, which was make possible by the polis (Reilly, 1997, p. 133). The acropolis, which was the home of the Greek gods provided for religious relief th e agora served as the primary meeting place and market place of the people and the amphitheater was the principal form of entertainment for Athenians. Each form of architecture simply emphasizes the importance of citizen participation in every aspect of political, social, and economic Athenian life.The engineering systems, water aqueducts, and the remnants of the Coliseum of the Roman imperial capital city are the primary indications of the non-participatory nature of the imperial capital city. The luxury of the baths, palaces, and efficient sewage systems that were offered to the ruling classes were a far cry from the dirty, crowded, and disease-rampant tenements that characterized the lives of the Roman poor. Moreover, the emphasis on gladiatorial violence, which took part in the Coliseum and the Circus Maximus, revealed that when a citys inhabitants no longer have any control over the life of the city, they must be entertained (Reilly, 1997, p. 144). Clearly, Roman citizens had n o participation in the running of the city, and thus, were kept entertained through violent games.There is definitely a difference between the city-state of Athens and the imperial capital city of Rome. Ancient Athens was viewed as a democracy, where power was distributed to a larger population of the city. Kevin Reilly states, In terms of technology, comforts, physical layout, and the lives of the inhabitants, Athens was not very far removed from the peasant village (Reilly p.130). They led simple lives and had ample leisure time. The Athenian amphitheatre was where hundreds of plays were watched, and even participated in, by members of the audience. The Greek tragedies displayed human foibles, political policy and the eternal dramas of human life on stage for all to see (Reilly p.131). The city-state made possible a relatively peaceful and fulfilling way of life. The democratic nature of the polis was a key aspect of leading this good life.Although we may underestimate the houses of ancient Athens, they were built similar to each other and provided a decent living. R.E. Wycherley states, Classical Greek houses were unpretentious, at least from the outside they were hardly expected to make much contribution to the architectural beauty of the city (How the Greeks construct Cities, R.E. Wycherley 1949). In contrast, ancient Rome put their efforts into elaborate Coliseums and amphitheatres and made no attempt to build decent housing for the less fortunate.Ancient Rome was the opposite of life in ancient Athens. Rome was built with the intention only the wealthy would have a comfortable living. The great sewer system did not extend to the houses of the poor, thus they were left to live with the stench of excrement. The housing was cramped and congested which led to epidemic infestation and spontaneous combustion. Romans were not offered participation in community affairs. There was also a large separation between rich and poor. Reilly contends, Class divisions between rich and poor, powerful and weak, were radically accelerated in the capital city, especially Rome (Reilly p.141). The city had many diversions to ease the reality of life. Romans would watch extravagant circuss (Circus Maximus) or head to the Coliseum for brutal gladiatorial exhibitions. Romans were short letter thirsty and hungry for entertainment. This entertainment was the only way for most citizens to forget about their daily lives and the horrible living conditions. Although the city had many engineering and technological marvels for this period, it was designed for the rich and powerful to enjoy.The main differences I have noticed between a city-state and an imperial capital city is how it is socially governed. A city-state is controlled by the citizens, where decisions and laws are voted on by a mass assembly. An imperial capital city, such as Rome, is controlled by an emperor or dictator, where the only decision made was by him even though the emperor had a senate, they were only in place to advise the emperor.Kevin Reilly and the photographic archives both worked to reveal the key difference between the city-state and the imperial capital city of the classical world. While the city-states were citizen-based and democratic, the imperial capital cities were more entertaining and economically focused.Overall the social changes that were taking place were not all negative, most societies benefited from urbanization, as far as profits that were being made.It also leads to a more modernized way of living referable to urban growth, and improved opportunities for jobs, housing, and transportation.

What Are The Prospects Of Underwater Building Environmental Sciences Essay

What Are The Prospects Of semiaquatic Building Environmental Sciences EssayPopulation in Egypt increased in the last 10 years and reached 80 million with average annual growth 2.04%. Traffic congestion is the largest problem that Egypt faces, and it has a great effect on air quality, travelling time, business, and cost. The goernment al ship authority tries to solve the congestion by make new bridges, fly overs and subways, but unfortunately it fails ascribable to the increase of population. In this report at that place is a study on structure with a new technology which is twist subaquatic.Although subsurface buildings exist since 1960 but no one have heard about(p inflamedicate) it. Building subaquatic exit be advantageous to the environment if sight succeed in achieving it. Everything spate be built semiaquatic like Houses, hotels, spa, restaurants etc. to let mountain have a good life or vacation. The glamour view semiaquatic of fishes, coral reefs and different creatures encourages people to build and live there.This report bequeath discuss the possibility and the advantages of subaqueous buildings. The first section volition define what under water supply buildings are, and show the advantages and acceptance of them. The second will discuss the effect of underwater buildings on the environment. The third one will discuss the effect of underwater buildings on social life and the means of transportation. The fourth will discuss the materials used, ways of building and special requirements. The fifth will introduce the problems which face the underwater buildings. The sixth will show the ventilating system systems that are used. The seventh, will be utilizations of be and upcoming underwater buildings that make the reader able-bodied to visualize the predilection well, and able to connect all the parts of report together. Finally, the conclusion will get and recommend building and living underwater to decrease congestion and pollut ion on the surface of the earth.What are underwater buildings? According to Dr. Khaled Abdelhady (Professor in architecture engineering, Shoubra University), underwater buildings are structures built underwater for different purposes each according to the type of building constructed (personal communication, 2010). It all started in the 1960s by Jacques Cousteaus team in the realize of underwater research stations (underwater habitat, 2006). Underwater buildings already exist, but have you ever thought about going to an underwater building?Underwater building is the future foundation that has a great impact on the environment, we will be facing some problems while applying this technology but if we succeed in achieving it, it will be advantageous to our environment as it gets populated. It is true what was written in the Evolo magazine Approximately 71% of the Earths surface is ocean, even more if mood change has its way hence it is only natural progression that we will populate th e seas someday. (Water-Scraper Underwater Architecture, 2010).1.1 Background on underwater building typesWhen Dr. Khaled Abdelhady was asked about the types of underwater buildings he talked about the following types1.1.1 Infra StructuresHe said that infra structures are footings of buildings make under the water to let the building itself above the water, for example the bridges connecting cities like the g senescenten gate bridge shown in foreshadow 1.1 when you can manipulate the base of bridge placed under the water (personal communication,2010).DSI_Seismic_Retrofit_Golden_Gate_Bridge.jpg code 1.1 Golden gate bridge (source www.google.com)1.1.2 Research meaningsSecond, Dr. Khaled talked about the research centers underwater. He said that there are dickens types of centers, first is an underwater livings research center which examine and observe creatures underwater, and second there are scientific centers which search for petroleum in the bottom of seas and oceans (personal communication, 2010)1.1.3 TunnelsAs for underwater tunnels Dr. Khaled Said they are enactment ways constructed underwater. There is a type made for internet main cables to be divided all over the world, telephone lines, and others. Other type is made for cars to go by means of underwater channels but for short distance rivers or water passages like tunnel Ahmed Hamdi at the Suez Canal in Egypt (personal communication, 2010).1.1.4 MuseumsAs for museums underwater, Dr. Khaled said there are 2 types, first one are museums made to see the underwater livings without having to go through the dangers of diving and for very old adults to be able to see them too, second there are museums made to see the old sunken monuments, why underwater? So that you can see them they exact way they were found in a beautiful creative way. And it has already been constructed like in Vasa Museum in Stockholm (personal communication, 2010).1.1.5 Hotels restaurants and entertainmentsAnother type that Dr. Kha led Abdelhady talked about was the entertainment types of buildings. There are hotels, spas, and restaurants built underwater so that people could have a nice a vacation, a massage or a meal while watching the fishes and creatures underwater. There are also games made underwater like in Disney land roller coaster as shown in figure 1.2 when you can see people getting into the water while on the roller coaster (personal communication, 2010).manta.jpgFigure 1.2 Disney land roller coaster (Source www.google.com)1.2 Advantage and acceptance of underwater buildingsUnderwater buildings have a lot of advantages to people in Egypt. It will lower the crowded places above land. It will increase the technology usage to be able to build it. It will cooperate improve tourism as people will come from all over the world for entertainment under the red sea, and enjoyment of the astonishing numerous kinds of fishes and corals, and in same time conserve the corals from being touched and hurt by peop le diving.After asking a large number of people if they would accept going to an underwater city for entertainment, vacation or tourism, it was surprising that most people accepted the idea. This means that if the idea actually gets accomplished, it will be widely spread between people so quickly and it will be successful in Egypt. And as you can see in figure 1.3 the number of people accepting is about triple the number of people refusing.Figure 1.3 Chart shows the number of the acceptance and refusing people3. Social aspectsOvercrowding is considered the worlds problem, which is growing constantly and leads to many another(prenominal) other problems. This serious dilemma prompted people to think about the colonization of the oceans, which led them to think about the underwater buildings. As we know, water covers 70% of the earths surface, while land areas form a very small percentage. Taking a look at the earth from outside space, we will materialize that the blue color dominat es, and this will raise a lot of questions about how to exploit these areas. From this point, people begin to study the possibility of building underwater and make use of such great surfaces.Lets find out if people will welcome the idea of living underwater in the future, or it will be a useless project. Due to spicy cost, these underwater buildings will be limited to a certain level of people, and may be considered as a kind of prosperity. However, if we build into account that the technology advances, so there will be a way to reduce the cost. But if discharge cities were built underwater, would people accept such change in their life. Some people cannot live without the sun and do not imagine themselves in a place somewhat isolated. Others want really to try this new life, and enjoy the calmness and the glorious vision. In conclusion, living underwater may become a reality if its benefits overcome its difficulties and problems.3.1 Means of transportationAfter searching for the possible means of transportation to live under water, it was found that there are two possibilities. First, as many people will think, submarines would serve as the main mean of transportation. For example, thinking about its cost and applicability, we will find that it is the suitable one. Lets get going to the other possibility, at a larger scale, and talk about underwater tunnels. There are some existing underwater tunnels, which would be very efficient to attain a certain underwater building or complete city in the future. For example, in Dubai, Hydropolis is an underwater hotel, but it is still under construction. As it is described in figure 3.1, the developers of this project explains It will include three elements the land station, where guests will be welcomed, the connecting tunnel, which will transport people by grow to the main area of the hotel, and the 220 suites within the submarine leisure complex.(Joachim Hauser, N.D.).CUserspcDesktopHydropolis dubai.jpgFigure 3 .1 The land station of Hydropolis (Source Design build, ND.)4. Construction and structure aspects4.1 The material usedAlthough many materials exist for building, the one that meet the requirements with the lowest costs are to be chosen. At this level the cost will be minimized. . When choosing the materials to be used in the construction, it is important to ensure that the weight limit is not exceeded. (Carl T.F. Ross Mark El-Hajj )The main material used for construction underwater was a special type of firebrand and acrylic. The acrylic material is used mainly for visibility, while the steel is used for reinforcements (supports). (Carl T.F. Ross Mark El-Hajj )High strength steel is used as it is relatively cheap, and has its high yield strength. It is not also a good conductor of electricity and awake. It is a high corrosion resistance. (Carl T.F. Ross Mark El-Hajj )Acrylic material is used kind of of glass It is better than glass due to being less dense, and it is also has h igher impact strength than the glass. Acrylic gives the natural size and colors of the environ materials than glass. It is also good insulator of electricity which is good in seeking the health and safety of customers and underwater creatures. (Carl T.F. Ross Mark El-Hajj )4.2 ConstructionIt is known that the wages for underwater construction would be greater than on land construction, due to the difficulty faced during the working underwater. Another problem would arise the building is large in size. For solving these problems, they divide the building into parts and building each part on land then assemble them under the water. (Carl T.F. Ross Mark El-Hajj, ..)4.3 MaintenanceThe livelihood process is a costly process especially when dealing with an underwater maintenance. The under figure shows us how this problem can be solved, by dividing the building into parts that can be separated from the whole building these parts can be transferred to land so that a cheaper maintenanc e can take place. (Carl T.F. Ross Mark El-Hajj )Figure 4.1 The maintenance process (Source Carl T.F. Ross Mark El-Hajj)The transparent part of the building should be always clean, so that the customers can see the marine clearly in all the time. This situation can be achieved by an automated system which uses a self cleaning coating known as the impudent material. (Carl T.F. Ross Mark El-Hajj )5 Problem which face underwater building5.1 CostBuilding under water is a very expensive process due to the machines, instruments and skilled workers. Building under water also contains some of welfare as figures (5.1, 5.2) illustrate and it needs to huge budget.PoseidonFigure 5.1 Example of under amnionic fluid welfare (Source blog.hotelclub.com/top-five-underwater-hotels/)Dreams, however fabulous, remain unfulfilled without the cash to support the commitment the hardest part of the process was finding sponsorship to the tune of 550m.Thats what brought me to Dubai. Still, it was a battle which took two-and-a-half years and proven tougher than developing the project itself. No bank would pay such an amount. Its a risky investment, as there are no pilots. We had to convince investors that it is safe and will bring returns on investment. (Hauser, ND), so companies accept to co-operate with its rival to complete under water building project.5.2 The problem of ErosionErosionis the process ofweatheringand transport of solids (sediment,soil, controversyand other particles) in the natural environment or their source and deposits them elsewhere. It usually occurs due totransportby wind, water, or ice so engineers should choose the countenance materials for under water building.5.3 The location of petroleumFigure 5.2 shows that any accident may happen in the sea to the drilling machines and machinery for searching for oil or to any ship in the sea may harm the design of the building and it is out of control.CUsersHPDesktoppaste.jpgFigure 5.2 The accident of the drilling mac hine (Source http//Oc-Po/Petroleum-from-the Ocean.htmlhttp//www.waterencyclopedia.com http//www.waterencyclopedia.com http//www.waterencyclopedia.comunderwater-hotels/)5.4 The problem of heat of waterThe temperature of the water is highly variable over the surface of the water, it is heated from the surface downward by sunlight, but at depth most of the water is very cold. (Martha R.Scott, ND)5.5 The problem of pressurePressure plays a big role in influencing the foundations of the building also workers face difficulties either during the construction process or during the maintenance process.6. Environmental building aspectsNo doubt that the first thing that comes in our mind while talking about underwater buildings is the problem of public discussion. ventilation system is defined as a process of supplying fresh air to an enclosed space and removing from it air contaminated by odors, gases, or smoke . Therefore, there must be a source of renewable air that helps in breathing, an d getting rid of undesirable gases, like carbon dioxide and others. Lets explore a solution, for the ventilation problem, that was applied while building Holland tunnel, an underwater tunnel. Tunnels, specifically, have a great problem with ventilation, due to gases produced by trains and automobiles. This problem was addressed by Clifford Holland, the tunnels designer. His aim was to find ways to clear exhaust fumes and pump in fresh air, achieving this by using ventilation towers, like the one illustrated in figure 5.1, and fans to pass away air in and out. Finally, air can be renewed every 90 seconds. (Howstuffworks, ND.)Figure 6.1 Inside a Holland Tunnel ventilation tower (Source Eric and Edith Matson, ND.)The ventilation systems that can be applied while building, can be divided into two rules natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation. Natural ventilation depends on an clear(p) window if the architecture permits, so it cannot be used in underwater buildings. Therefore, mechanical ventilation is applied to ventilate these buildings.The most important thing is the way to get oxygen needed for breathing. Breathing under water could happen in several ways such as hydrolyzing the sea water, reversing osmosis, or suctioning methods through air pumps. (Chamberland, ND.). Oxygen can be extracted from seawater since people will live underwater, and it will be a practical method. Reverse osmosis is an effective method used in water treatment and in the future it will be used to get oxygen, while living underwater. Suctioning oxygen, using air pumps, would help in both getting oxygen and providing good ventilation.7. Examples7.1 Dubai Underwater HotelIt is still under development. The hotel location will be 33 feet underwater. Its total cost is over $550 million. The land station will be connected with the underwater section with a 515 meter long tunnel through which an automatic train will transport people to the underwater hotel. It is 260 hectares area co nsisted of 220 suits bubble shaped 20 meters underwater.The hotel will also have several security measures. It has a series of unshakable doors in case of any rapture. It will also have its own missile defensive system in case of any terrorist attack.7.2 UNDERSEA RESORTS- Poseidon mystery IslandThe idea was for the American engineer Bruce Jones. The Poseidon Resorts Mystery Island shown in figure 7.1 could be reached by elevator. It is a 1.1 million square foot , 40 feet under water. populate standard area is 550 square foot. (wayfaring,2007) .The budget of the project is $100 million.http//www.wayfaring.info/images/poseidon_mystery_island_5.jpgFigure 7.1 Poseidon Mystery Island (Source www.wayfaring.info)7.3 Ithaa underwater restaurantIt is the 1st of its kind in the world. It is 16 feet below the surface of Indian Ocean. It is encased in clear acrylic.The ithaa restaurant can be reached by a wooden walkway shown in figure 6.2 from over the water. It was hard to build it on the beach of rangali due to technical challenge, limited resources and quality problems. (Wikipedia, 2010).It was constructed in Singapore. Its construction began in May 2004, and it was completed in October 2004 including origination of the acrylic arches, air conditioning and electric ducts. Its life span is 20 years.http//travel.spotcoolstuff.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/under3.jpgFigure 7.2 Ithaa underwater restaurant (Source www. Wikipedia.com)7.4 Jules Undersea LodgeIt is the worlds first underwater hotel, in the first place built in the early 1970s. It was opened to the public in 1986. (hotelclub,2007).The entrance to the hotel is 21 feet underwater on the sea floor. The Lodge is fully stocked with two-dimensional air.

Ryanairs Corporate Culture

Ryanairs collective Culture1. SummaryThis report attempts to analyse the collective conversation strategies authenticly employed by Irish budget air passage Ryanair with respect to the various confabulation frameworks in place, whilst focusing on both immaterial and national stakeholders. Finally an analysis of Ryanairs incorporate polish and HRM scheme with respect to their fascinate upon employees within the arranging.2. IntroductionCorporate communication distinguishes itself from other forms of communication such(prenominal) as focus by the means in which it bases itself upon the organisations corporate perspective, the stakeholders it addresses and the management activities within its scope (Cornelissen, 2005) According to Argenti Foreman (2002) corporate communication slew take the fictional character of two forms as a function which may be dispersed across an organisation, or as a process to reach all of its constituencies. An inhibit definition from Argenti (2002) avers Corporate conference as the corporations voice and the regards it projects of itself on a world stage populated by its various audiences corporate reputation, corporate advertising and advocacy, employee communications, investor relations, government relations, media management and crisis communications. A consequence of these characteristics is that they are complex in nature especially when referring to multi-national organisations (Cornelissen, 2005) such as Ryanair therefore effective communication strategies demand an integrate approach to communications management.Successful communication strategies firely identify the organisations differentiating factor, or the profile which it wants to portray to its stakeholder groups. In the case of Ryanair its differentiating factor is its expertness to consistently offer lowest cost scheduled airline tickets (Hagele, 2006). Micheal OLeary (CEO) says of his corporate strategy Its the oldest, simplest formula Pile em high and sellem cheapWe want to be the Wal-Mart of the airline business. Nobody will beat us on price. EVER. A powerful but contraversial message aird by OLeary, which as the paper will treat later synonmous with Ryanairs communications strategies.The objective of this paper is to identify what global communication framework/ s Ryanair are currently using analysis of both indwelling and external corporate communication strategies and their subsequent impact with reference to engaging both internal and external stakeholders. Finally identification of Ryanairs corporate culture and its influence upon battalion within Ryanair.The aim of this paper therefore after discussing the objectives is to decide whether the frameworks and communication strategies Ryanair use are effective in maintaining their position as the European low-cost budget airline for both internal and external stakeholders.3. Communication strategyIntegrated Corporate Communication framework within Ryanair Corporat e Communication as an integrated framework for managing communication (Cornelissen, 2005)Ryanair holistically combines both marketing, advertising, technology and public relations practitioners together in an integrated communications framework model (Cornelissen, 2005) drawing upon management strategy, consumer behaviour and cheekal theory (see appendix) to manage the companys reputation and maintain steel equity. Integrated communication is created at the corporate betray level for Ryanair with the close of enhancing its positioning within the market as Europes lowest price airfares whilst maintaining its competitive strategy. Un identical other organisations that have placed corporate communications managers into executive teams (Cornelissen, 2005) OLeary does non surveil this example, preferring instead to council its head of corporate communications Stephen MacNamara and head of marketing Dara Brady, and rather instead maintaining control over Ryanairs communication stra tegy in its entirety. OLeary orchestrates Ryanairs communication strategy from the management team down with a hierarchical approach, enabling communication from a corporate strategic level which is reflected within its corporate culture.What makes Ryanair such a success is its inherent force to consistently communicate the same offering and its core strategy to stakeholders of low price regardless of the landscape it finds itself within. O Leary is able to leverage negative publicity associated with an event or incident at Ryanair and exploit this free opportunity to promote greater exposure of the brand and re-iterate how successful they really are. For example by utilising existing media channels such as an internet bloggers page who has posted a negative blog regards Ryanair, the companys integrated communication framework enables a quick response from MacNamara who instead re-enforces how successful their business model is in providing the cheapest fares around. What makes Rya nair unique within the airline industry is their ability not to waiver from their strategy of low cost, even if this means the customer is not always right (O, Leary, 2007). This approach to communication strategy is strengthened by the Input-Output model of stakeholder management discussed later in the paper and shown in the appendix.3.1. Internal CommunicationsThe organisation defines itself as a low-cost airline the consequence of this is that contrary other airlines that can pass on additional cost increases to the customer such as increasing fuel prices Ryanair are unable to do so. because their communication frameworks revolve around low-cost channels such as face-to-face, conventional print media and a heavy emphasis on technology and web-based communications system such as the Ryanair intranet, enabling employees such as flight crew, maintenance and ground staff, amongst others to access critical information and maintain quality management. Ryanair attempts to communicate with its employees (Annual Report, 2009) through a variety of communication channels an internal staff newsletter called The Limited Release provides employees with up-to-date plans, issues and gainsays within the aviation industry, where further workaday news bulletins are broadcast on Ryanairs internal TV network.Additionally the organisations Employee Representative Committee (ERC) (one per department) liaises with Ryanairs European Works Council to provide guidance on current aviation issues pertinent to employees. Therefore using an integrated framework encompassing word-of- mouth, electronic channels, and periodical print media has enabled the organisation to minimise tangible costs. Only deep OLeary was quoted in the media for criticising employees for stealing Ryanairs electricity by charging their mobile phones (ref).3.2. External communicationsAs an entrepreneurial organisation Ryanair believes it possesses the right to play outside the box and follow its own path, cha llenging the status quo of corporate communication and pushing the aviation industry boundaries. As a result OLeary, MacNamara and Grady follow an external communications strategy which more(prenominal) often or not is designed to provoke the audience rather than to attract (see appendix). What is consistent is Ryanairs approach which is synonymous with old school everyday Relation strategy in that it focuses on communicating the same message repeatedly low fares through online, print and . channels in an attempt to honour the notion of good value with consumers. However, whilst it can be argued that this strategy may seem archaic it actually proffers the advantage that Ryanairs positioning strategy is absolutely clear to its stakeholders in that its offering is low priced airfares and absolutely nothing else.OLeary has a reputation as a hard-nosed businessman choosing his words care amply but with the excogitation to cause as much controversy as possible which ultimately create s a paradox of both artistic creativity and destruction. Screw the share price, this is a fare war We bow down to nobody. Well stuff every one of them in Europe, we wont be second or third and byword didnt we do well? In business, honesty is a dirty word. People say the customer is always right, but you know what theyre not, sometimes they are unconventional and they need to be told so (Michael O Leary, 2007) Using a provocative vocabulary ensures that during crisis management strategies in the event of negative publicity OLeary is able to leverage as much exposure as possible for Ryanair which ultimately leaves the company at the forefront of consumers minds. The most recent examples of these have been the (perhaps?) faux-pas of Ryanair employee responses back to online bloggers regards disagreements in online glut complaints about customer service (see appendix)3.2.1 ValuesTo complete3.2.2. Key stakeholdersAccording to (Johnson Scholes, 2008), organisational stakeholders are those individuals or groups who depend on the organisation to fulfil their own goals and on whom, in turn , the organisation depends. Furthermore (Wall Rees, 2004) and (Johnson Scholes, 2008) suggested that stakeholders are other social groups who are affected by the activities of the firm and whom in turn, the organisation depends. This section identifies the major(ip) stakeholders of Ryan Air and how they are important to the firm however Ryanairs stakeholders encompass a wide range of groups which can be classified as both 1) societal 2) economic (organisational) with each group unique in their expectation as stakeholders of Ryanair. The former range from pressure groups, competitors, suppliers and customers, where for example customers are legally entitled to clear trading practices differs from the latter (organizational) comprising of shareholders and employees, who are entitled to extra rights under the rule of corporate governance. The model which aligns most closely wi thin Ryanair for both internal and external stakeholders, if OLearys approach to corporate communications is followed is the Input-Output model of strategic management (Cornelissen, 2005) (see appendix). This emphasises that power lies within the organisation, upon which other stakeholder groups are dependent in respect to their relationship with Ryanair this is illustrated by OLearys clear disregard for stakeholder perception across all groups.Internal StakeholdersEmployees within Ryanair are according to OLeary a cost (2006) until they are able to contribute amply to the business, demonstrated by the corporate culture of reducing overheads by externally sourcing cabin crew and making new employees pay for their training with the organisation until fully qualified and an asset to the company. Further to this a compensations structure following the premise of pay on the basis of transactions undertaken meaning sectors flown (Mayer, 2008) ensures that cabin crew have a lot of the c ost impact to delayed flights creating an incentive through commission to market other Ryanair products. Further to this the absence of any trade wedding or regulatory body at the request of O Leary ensures that whilst these stakeholders are ruled under fair corporate governance they are seen to be liquid commodities.External Stakeholders -to completeUnlike more conventional stakeholder models OLeary does not apportion importance to external governmental or regulatory influences rather choosing instead to challenge them .i.e. the European Union over competition policy in 2006 (ref) and British airport accusations over unfair charging practices over recent years. This strengthens the notion that the Input-Output model of stakeholder management is correct in reference to the power lying within Ryanair rather than with its stakeholders. However effective communication is a key success factor of this organisation is respect to its approach of its relationship with new airports. MacNam ara uses a tactic which involves generating awareness of potential new routes by announcing instead the new jobs it will create and the evaluate increase in volume of passengersSuppliers bargaining power for fuel is high, medium for aircraft and medium low for airports sourcing, purchasing and procurement is done face-to-face negotiation like most b2b business.3.2.3 Corporate Culture, brand, image and individuationCorporate CultureMelewar (2006), corporate culture is impacted by history of the company, the founder of the organization and country of get-go of the organization. There is link between corporate culture and corporate history because the interaction among the group can develop culture. Melewar (2006) stated that the founder of the company can affect the corporate cultureThe corporate culture of Ryanair is very much influenced by OLeary, strengthening the notion that the CEO can dictate the corporate culture of the airline. Schein (1992) posits culture to be accumulated shared learning of a given group, covering behavioural, emotional and cognitive elements of a group members total psychological surgical procedure addressing a shared understanding of culture contrasting with Johnson and Scholes (2002) who aver that the basic assumption and beliefs that are shared by members of an organisation, that operate unconsciously and define in a basic taken for-granted fashion an organisations view of itself and its environment addressing instead repeated behavioural patterns. When attempting to analyse Ryanairs corporate culture the former analogy becomes more prominent. Ryanair corporate culture is more focus as an airline company based in Ireland, representing the Irish culture Organise, reliable, and kindly (Ryanair.com, 2009).Corporate brandBalmer (1995), corporate brand refer to corporate reputation, corporate image and concern on perception. It focus on all internal and external stakeholders, and boarder merge than traditional marketing mix, and it require commitment from all staff, senior management as well as financial support. From Balmer (2001), the favorable corporate brand came from organizational identicalness. Ryanair brand core is the low cost flights for all. This brand core is applied to focus on the cost of Ryanair brand which is available at different levels for differents types of customers (Ryanair.com, 2009). It also emphasizes on the promise that the brand communicate to the stakeholders. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the communication depends on the gab between the performance and promise although in Ryanair we see more students, leisure people than business people. Nevertheless people from any background can afford to use the service.Corporate imageAbratt (1989), Grunig (1993), and Van Riel (1995), there are three approached of corporate image which include psychology, graphic design and public relation. From Balmer (2001), the corporate image came from managing business identity. Moreover, corporate i mage related to immediate mental perception to the organization held by individual group.Corporate identityAbratt (1989), Balmer (1998) Olin (1990) and Van Riel (1997), corporate identity focus on culture, strategy, structure, history, business activity and business scope. Corporate identity is the mix of elements which give the organization their distinctiveness. And the key questions are who are we, what are structure, strategy, business, reputation, performance, business and history. Ryanair corporate identity is based on bleueness (The corporate colour) meaning they are up for it, passionate, sharp mad about safety and mad about cost. Bleue is what make Ryanair different.3.2.4 HRM Strategy -to complete4. ConclusionsTo complete5. BibliographyAbratt, R. (1989), A new approach to the corporate image management process, Journal of Marketing Management, 5(1), 63-76.Annual Report, Ryanair.com. (2009), Annual report 2009, Online at URL http//www. Ryanair.com/ Last accessed 22nd March 2 010Argenti, P. (2003) Corporate Communication, 3rd edition Mcgraw cumulationArgenti,P. (2009) Corporate Communication, 5th edition, McGraw- Hill Education.Balmer, J.M.T. (1995), Corporate branding and connoisseurship, Journal of General Management, 21(1), 24-46.Balmer, J.M.T. (1997), Corporate identity past, present and future, works paper, University of Strathclyde International Centre for Corporate Identity Studies, Glasgow.Balmer, J.M.T. (2001), Corporate identity, corporate branding and corporate marketing seeing through the frog, European Journal of Marketing, 35(3-4), 248-291.Cornelissen, J. (2005) Corporate Communication, Theory practice Sage usualationsDavies, A. (2002) Public relations Democracy Part 2Guirham, M. (1999) Communicating Across Cultures McMillanHarris et al, (2003) International HRM CIPDJohnson, G Scholes, K. (2002) Exploring Corporate Strategy, assimilator Hall Mitchell, Aigle Wood.Johnson, G Scholes, K Whtittington, R. (2008) Exploring Corporate Strategy , Prentice Hall Mitchell, Aigle Wood.Oliver S. (2001) Corporate Communication Kogan, PageMayer, S. (2008) RyanAir and its Low Cost Flights in Europe Marketing Plan Akamdemische Schriftenriehe GRIN VerlagMelewar, T.C. (2006) Seven dimension of corporate identity a categorization from practitioners perspective, European Journal of Marketing, 40(7/8), 846-69.Tourish D Hargie O. (2004) Key issues in organisational Communication RoutledgeVan Reil Cees.B.M. (1992) Principles of corporate Communication FT Prentice.Van Riel, C.B.M. and Balmer, J.M.T. (1997). Corporate identity the concept, its measurement and management, European Journal of Marketing, 31(5-6), 340-350.Wall, S and Rees, B (2004) International Business, 2nd Edition , Pearson Education Limited.6. AppendixProposed Stakeholder model with RyanairInput Output sit down of Strategic Management (Cornelissen, 2005)Ryanairs response to an Irish blogger Jason Roe who highlighted flaws over the website layout rather than thanking Mr .Roe instead staff commented(source Ryanair calls blogger lunatic The Telegraph, 25th February 2009)

King Lear Essay -- essays research papers

King Lear SummaryThe play, King Lear by William Shakespeare, starts with noblemen Kent and Gloucester having a conversation and the audience finds out that Gloucester has two sons. Edgar who is his heir, and Edmund his unavailing son. This info. leads to the mini-plot. Then, Lear enters to say that he is going to end his lifes tasks and problems. He then points to the map, he tells the people there that he will split his reach into three parts. They are going to be given to his three daughters. The two oldest, Goneril and Regan, tell their father that their crawl in for him goes beyond expectations. The youngest one, Cordelia, tells him that she loves him, but only as she should love her father. He is then angered and disappointed at the lack of love by her. Then splits his land evenly between Goneril and Regan, and then banishes Cordelia. Then France decides to follow the now banished Cordelia. When Kent tries to defend Cordelia, he banishes him too. Meanwhile, Goneril and Regan decide that if Lear becomes too much of a nuisance, they will have to decide what disciplinary actions to take. In the developing subplot, Edmund complains of his unhappiness at being an illegitimateand thus, disinheritedson. As part of his plot to claim what is not his, Edmund gives a false letter to his father, Gloucester, declaring that Edgar is proposing that they kill their father and split the wealthiness between them. The cunning Edmu...

Death Penalty: Capital Punishment is State Sanctioned Murder Essays

Capital Punishment is State Sanctioned Murder Old Sparky and Gruesome Gertie (affectionate names for the electric chair) let taken the lives of many an(prenominal), even the innocent (Finnerty 18). They are prejudiced and lack compassion. However, many Americans believe that they represent justice. Capital punishment does not represent justice, but requital and hate. Among the 7,000 people estimated to have been killed in the United States between 1900 and 1985, at least 23 were innocent (Finnerty 18). In at least 8 of 261 executions performed since 1976, something went wrong for example, the public executioner couldnt find a good vein, or the first jolt of electricity failed to do the trick (Finnerty 18). An innocent person, let alone 23 that were wrongfully execute might seem insignificant to one. Just for a moment think if that one person was your brother or father, and they were innocent Would you then see that the American judicial system is imperfect, and that capital pun ishment should be abolished? Capital punishment is wrong and should be abolished because of its imperfections, high cost, and immoral existence. Many people argue that we should aliveness practicing capital punishment because it would be a waste of money to sentence soul to life in prison. Facts show that it is more expensive to give someone the death sentence than life in prison. The cost of state execution is up to three times the cost of lifetime imprisonment (Dority 37). So many people are convinced that it is cheaper to practice capital punishment, but those people are not aware of the facts to be presented. If someone is interested in thriftiness tax payers dollars, it is much cheaper to sentence someone to life in prison. The reason that life imprisonment... ...dical treatment that they deserve, not death. Capital punishment is an ineffective deterrent that just now demonstrates violence for society (Dority 37). We are teaching society that it is acceptable to kill. We are saying that revenge is justifiable. Racism is no stranger to capital punishment. The death punishment wants to save as many white people as it can, and kill as many black people as possible. Violence begets violence, and murder begets murder. The raging crimes that capital punishment attempts to control will only increase if we, the people, do not demand moral alternatives to state sanctioned murder. Works Cited Dority, Barbara. Not in My Name. The Humanist March/April 1993 36-37. Finnerty, Amy. Sunday Six Facts. The New York Times Magazine 5 February 1995 18. Monagle, Katie. The Death Penalty. Update 4 September 1992 13-15.

Essay --

The spate around us make experiences great and unforgettable. I was oblivious to this fact before my first comp allowely independent spend trip for three weeks. In the past, I always traveled with my parents. They were all great vacations but they were not planned or controlled by me. It was all up to my mom. This time, however, I was the one who found the opportunity to go to the seaside with a group of young people and spend 21 days there. My parents were happy to let me go on this trip as they also saw it as an exciting opportunity. It was up to me to plan it all on my own. I learned nigh the surroundings of the area I was to go to, the organization which planned the trip, got to know the people and found a way to get there. You could say that this was part of my itinerary to independence. The deadline to get everything ready was quite short, so I was mostly just trying to get all of my things together and not building any expectations for the trip. This was in all probabili ty also an important part of why it had influenced me so much. I was open for anything. Nevertheless, the trip ended up a bit expensive for my family and on my course to the seaside, I was feeling very doubtful about having made my family spend so much money on me. Then I arrivedOne whitethorn think that three weeks is not that long, but three weeks with 50 new completely different people from different parts of the world is quite something. It took close to a whole week to only remember their names. The very first evening we had together, we all went to a caf in the center and it had karaoke. After having sung in a choir for a big part of my childhood, this is something I totally enjoy. I was the first brave one to come out and sing mummy Mia by Abba. It has become a trad... ...y life. It made me more independent and taught me the true value of relationships. There was much discussion among participants about the organization of the trip. Many cast out sides and mistakes were brought up. Regardless of all of this, the trip even now seems completely amazing and breathtaking to me. It was not because of the accommodations we had or the food we ate. The people made the trip what it was. The people gave me unforgettable memories and let me experience completely new emotions. Thank you to each and one of them for being part of that summer for me. Once I got home, my life started to switch over bit by bit. I continued long conversations with the guy I met and by spring the next year I got a job. That job allowed me to chat over six people from that summers trip. This experience inspired me to change my life and thus changed the inevitable future.